GLOSSARY

Use this page to list key terms and their definitions.

Section 1.2 - The Discovery of Cells (aka Prokaryotes)

Cells: Cell Membrane: A barrier between the inside of a cell and its environment. Heredity Material: Organelle: Structures a cell uses to live, grow, and reproduce. Cytoplasm: The fluid inside a cell. Nucleus: The control center of a cell. Prokaryotes: Cells that don't have a nucleus, and also known as bacteria. Eukaryotes: Cells that contain a central nucleus and a complicated inner structure. Bacteria: Extermely small, single-celled organisms, also known as Prokaryotic cells.

Section 2.1- Cell Transport

Active Transport- Movement of material through a cell membrane with the use of energy. Also moves particles from low to high concentration.

Diffusion- The movement of molecules from where they are concentrated to where they are less concentrated; a type of passive transports cells.

Endocytosis- a process which cells transport a large body, such as a large protein molecule, through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm.

Exoctyosis- a process by which a cell moves large molecules out through the cell membrane.

Osmosis- the passive transport of water through a cell membrane by diffusion.

Passive Transport- movement of material through a cell membrane without the use of energy.

__** Section 2.2 - Cells and Energy **__

Cellular Resperation- the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water.

Fermenation- the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen

Photosynthesis- the process when plants capture light energy from the sun and change it into food.

**__ Section 1.1- Organization of life __**
Tissue-A group of cells that work together to perform a specific job in body. Organ-Two or more tissues working together to perform a specific job. Organ Systems-Organs that work together to perform specific jobs. Organism-Anything that can live on its own. Unicellular-A single cell that can live on its own. Multicellular-Can only exsist in a group of cells. Population-A group of orgasnisms that are of the same kind and that live in the same area. Community-Two or more dfferent populations living in the same area. Ecosystem-The community and all of the nonliving things that affect it, such as water, soil, rocks, temperature, and light.

Eukaryotic Organelles

__**WORD WALL:**__ Cell Wall- A structure that's around the cell membrane of some cells and provides strenght and support to the cell membrane.

Ribosomes-A small organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids.

Endoplasmic reticulum-A membrane-covered cell organelle that produces lipids, breaksdown drugs, and other substances and pacakage protein for delivery out of the cell.

Mitochondria- Cell organelles surrounded by two membranes that breaks down food molecules to make ATP.

Chloroplast-Organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Golgi complex-The cell organelle that modifies, packages, and transport materials out of the cell.

Vacuole-A large membrane-covered structure found in plant cells that surge as a storage container for water and other liquids.

Vesicles-A membrane-covered compartment in a eukaryotic cell that forms when part of a cell membrane surrounds an object and pinches off.

Lysosomes-Special vesicles and animal cells that contain emzymes.

=﻿Chapter 2, Section 3=